Preheat oven to 425°F and line a 12-cup muffin pan with paper liners.
In a bowl, whisk flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt.
In another bowl, whisk melted butter and sugar until smooth. Add eggs, milk, lemon zest, and vanilla.
Fold wet ingredients into dry until just combined. Do not overmix.
Gently fold in blueberries.
Divide batter evenly among muffin cups, filling to the top for tall muffins.
Sprinkle with coarse sugar.
Bake 5 minutes at 425°F, then reduce to 375°F and bake another 15–18 minutes.
Cool in the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack.